Analysis of differentially expressed genes between immune EDCs from SA-ESCC and NACT-ESCC revealed that cancer-promoting genes (e.g., S100A family genes) were highly expressed in SA-ESCC [16, 17] (Fig. 4D), while expressions of HSP family genes were significantly elevated in the NACT-ESCC group. The gene discussed is S100A1; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.