AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: We found that the combined application of AFP and ICAM-1 showed higher accuracy than their single application in both the diagnosis (AUC: 0.783combination vs. 0.720AFP vs. 0.504ICAM-1) and prognostic prediction (AUC: 0.659combination vs. 0.507AFP vs. 0.557ICAM-1) of HCC, which was in line with our abovementioned clinical research results.