Other studies have shown intrahepatic enrichment of CCR5 in HCV infected livers as compared with un-infected, and in cirrhotic livers, compared with non-cirrhotic [18,27,28], and in a murine model of acute liver failure, massive hepatic infiltration by non-specific T cells expressing CCR5 and the upregulation of CCR5 mRNA, chemokines MIP 1-alpha and beta, and RANTES was reported [29]. Here, CCL5 is linked to acute liver failure.