MAVS and viral infectious disease: According to previous studies, MAVS mediates multiple innate immune responses against viral infection, including the stimulation of NF-κB and IRF3/7 signaling [44] and the direct interaction with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs), leading to the activation of IκB kinase (IKK) and tank-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) [45].