In the development and progression of HPV-mediated cancers, various members of the MMP family, including MMP-2, MMP-9 or MT1-MMP, have been shown to be upregulated both at the RNA and protein level in high-grade CIN, compared with normal cervix or low-grade CIN. The gene discussed is MMP2; the disease is cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia.