In a phase I/II open-label randomized study of patients with advanced HCC, Kelley et al demonstrated that combination therapy with durvalumab, a PD-L1 inhibitor, and tremelimumab, a CTLA-4 inhibitor, was associated with ORR of 17.5%; 7 out of 40 evaluable patients had a partial response [39]. Here, CTLA4 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.