SIRT1 and viral infectious disease: Various other cell survival regulators such as the inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit-beta (IKK) [50], inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase (Inpp5e) [51], mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) [52], multidrug-resistance protein-1 (MDR1) [22], mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) [53], second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) [54,55], Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) [56], and N-myc proto-oncogene protein (MYCN) [57] have also been found associated with resistance to viral infection and replication in tumor cells.