TNF and viral infectious disease: Additionally, stimulated splenocytes derived from ARPV/ZIKV-immunized mice produced significantly more cytokines associated with viral infection than control groups at both 8 dpi and 35 dpi, with notable increases in IL-2 (Figure 8a,d), IFN-γ (Figure 8b,e) and TNF-α (Figure 8c,f).