In encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), another picornavirus, indirect evidence of ADAR action was observed when endogenous circular RNAs (circRNA) were degraded upon EMCV infection of HeLa cells, similarly to when these cells were treated with poly(I:C), which activates innate immune responses including ADAR (Liu et al. 2019) that then act as antagonists of circRNA production (Ivanov et al. 2015; Pfaller et al. 2021). The gene discussed is ADAR; the disease is infection.