Zhu et al. found that oat β-glucan (OG), oat resistant starch (ORS), and whole oat foods (WO) significantly improved symptoms in the type II diabetic rats and reduced their gut Oscillospira abundance.27 Cui et al. found that the marine-animal-derived Cereus sinensis polysaccharide (CSP-1) significantly increased thymus, spleen index, and total SCFAs production in mice and decreased Oscillospira abundance, and they hypothesized that CSP-1 might be a potential prebiotic.28 This evidence concerns the gene CSP1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.