RANBP2 and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: Three patients originally diagnosed with ADEM were found to have the following three final diagnoses: acute necrotising encephalopathy with a confirmed mutation in RANBP2, primary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with an inversion of the Munc 13-4 gene, and anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (with white matter involvement on neuroimaging) (Fig. 2).