Polymorphisms involving the promoter area of the Tumor Necrotizing Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) gene could relevantly modulate promoter function and affect its transcriptional activity, thus modifying the expression levels of TNF-α in immune and/or pathological settings (Jaber et al., 2004a), which would be linked to worst outcome (Mira et al., 1999) and mortality of patients with S-AKI (Jaber et al., 2004b). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is acute kidney injury.