HIF1A and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Liver hypoxia has been demonstrated in animal models of fibrotic and cirrhotic liver disease (see Table 1 for an overview of fibrosis, cirrhosis, and NAFLD models), including in diethylnitrosamine cirrhosis (72), CCl4 induced fibrosis (73), bile duct ligation (BDL) (74), and high dietary trans-fat induced NAFLD (56), and increased levels of HIF1α have been found in mouse models (75) and patients with fibrotic liver disease (76).