Patients with lung disease have a higher level of cytoplasmic HSP90 homologs (HSP90AA1 and HSP90AB1) in relationship to mitochondrial HSP90 homolog (TRAP1), whereas patients with lung cancer have a higher level of TRAP1 to the level of cytoplasmic HSP90 (Figures 1D,E). Here, TRAP1 is linked to lung cancer.