The ATP1A3 gene has also been reported in two other clinical entities, alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC, AHC2, OMIM #614820) and rapid-onset dystonia Parkinsonism (RDP, DYT12, OMIM #128235) (Blanco and Mercer, 1998; Starr et al., 2005; Rodacker et al., 2006; Blanco-Arias et al., 2009). Here, ATP1A3 is linked to Rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism.