CD274 and cancer: Diskin et al. (2020) found that PD-L1+ T-cells suppressed neighboring T-cells in the TME. The interaction between PD-L1 and PD-1 induces inhibitory signaling in T-cells and drives TH17 differentiation and signaling pathways related to T-cell immunogenicity such as STAT1, AKT, p38, and ERK. PD-L1+ T-cell expression has multiple effects on the innate and adaptive immune tolerance, immune synaptic cell crosstalk and TME signal transduction in cancer patients.