Clinical evidence indicated that stromal AR was a protective factor for PCa patients as its expression was inversely related to poor PCa outcomes including tumor stage, metastasis, cancer relapse, and cancer-related death (Olapade-Olaopa et al., 1999; Henshall et al., 2001; Ricciardelli et al., 2005; Li et al., 2008; Wikstrom et al., 2009; Leach et al., 2015). Here, AR is linked to cancer.