DICER1 and viral infectious disease: Interestingly, Dicer and its isoform (aviD) (Poirier et al., 2021) have been shown to be upregulated in NSCs, embryonic stem cells and adult intestinal stem cells (Kawase-Koga et al., 2010; Park et al., 2017; Gurung et al., 2021), and knock down of aviD has been shown to be related to higher levels of stem cell apoptosis upon viral infection (Poirier et al., 2021).