The widespread adoption of targeted therapies using small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has greatly benefited the 10–30% of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who have sensitizing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in an otherwise challenging to treat cancer (Collisson et al., 2014; Zhang et al., 2016). The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is cancer.