CEACAM5 and neoplasm: Nevertheless, the pretreatment CEA level was found to be an independent risk factor for both CSS and CSM, and it was reconfirmed in different models by adjusting for age, sex, tumor characteristics, and treatment factors (all p < 0.05), which indicated that pretreatment CEA level was a robust prognostic factor of long-term survival, and there may be an interaction between pre-treatment CEA level and preoperative treatment on long-term prognosis.