Tamoxifen, the most established hormone therapy for breast cancer, is an estrogen receptor antagonist that operates in its active metabolite, hydroxytamoxifen, in breast cancer.48 This therapy decreased ICAM-1 expression, and increased E-Cadherin expression in DMBA-induced mouse models compared to NC, as seen inFigures 2 and3. Here, ESR1 is linked to breast cancer.