INSR and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Inflammatory response is important in the pathogenesis of T2DM;, TNF-α and MCP-1 reduce insulin-mediated glucose transport through multiple pathways; MCP-1 is a key chemokine for macrophage infiltration into adipose and liver tissues and is a potential pathogenic mechanism for the pathogenesis of low-grade chronic inflammation in this tissue; inhibition of MCP-1 expression inhibits the development of inflammation and restores insulin receptor substrate activation [36, 37].