In addition, the brain atrophy and infarct size of TRPV1 KO mice after HI were decreased, which was found to be closely related to suppressing the activation of astrocytes and releasing astrocyte-derived IL-1β, mainly via JAK2-STAT3 signaling and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome [36]. Here, STAT3 is linked to Brain atrophy.