TNF and COVID-19: (148), demonstrating that TNF-α suppresses ACE2 mRNA and its protein expression in endothelial cells via hypermethylation by DNMTs, including DNMT3b. It has been suggested that suppression of TNF-α mediated ACE2 mRNA via epigenetic inhibitors may reduce SARS-CoV-2 viral replication, leading to anti-inflammatory effects associated with quicker healing and resolution of COVID-19-related complications (148).