On necropsy, qPCR of colonic extracts revealed increased mRNA for arginase-1, FIZZ1 and Ym1 in mice treated with AOM/DSS ± M(IL4); however, while different from controls, expression in tissue from mice receiving M(IL4)s was not different from that from the AOM/DSS only group (Figure 3E). This evidence concerns the gene ARG1 and infectious otitis media.