Consistent with protein data, we noted overexpression of various pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNAs in lung tissue from influenza-infected Tpl2-/- mice at 7 dpi, including IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-6 and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, as well as overexpression of chemokines CCL2, CXCL1, CCL5 and CXCL10 which are collectively involved in recruitment of inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils (Figures 4A–L). This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and influenza.