Cytosolic NLRP3 inflammasome and key NLRP3 components, including cleaved caspase-1 (p20) and ASC were found elevated in the reactive microglia of post-mortem brain tissue of patients with PD and in the midbrain of α-syn-overexpressed mice (6, 69). The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is Parkinson disease.