In addition, there is evidence that exposure to estradiol during the early postnatal period reduced seizures in a mouse model of the X-linked epilepsy gene, ARX (48), and that estradiol exposure reversed the reduction in dendritic spine density associated with overexpression or knockdown of the schizophrenia-associated gene, DISC1, in rat cortical neuronal cultures (72) (Table 2). Here, DISC1 is linked to epilepsy.