Both diabetes and hypertension as a consequence of vitamin D deficiency were related to the development of insulin resistance, elevated levels of parathyroid hormone, activation of renin-angiotensin system, abnormal nitric oxide regulation as well as increased oxidative stress and inflammatory pathway (Ku et al., 2013; Sziva et al., 2020; de la Guia-Galipienso et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene REN and vitamin D deficiency.