Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-15, IL-17, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) play a key role in the processes of central sensitization, while the induction of anti-inflammatory cytokines [IL-10, IL-4, or transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)] can exert a protective role against neuroinflammatory events underlying neuropathic pain (Uçeyler et al., 2007; Chen et al., 2013; Caraci et al., 2019). Here, TGFB1 is linked to neuropathic pain.