As an adaptive response of cardiomyocytes to external or internal stimuli, myocardial hypertrophy is characterized by increased protein synthesis and enlargement of cardiomyocytes, and the reactivation of fetal genes such as atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) (Kang and Hu, 2007; Roger et al., 2011; Grossman and Paulus, 2013). Here, NPPA is linked to cardiac hypertrophy.