Based on these data, and the urgent unmet need, we performed the present phase 1b clinical trial to further assess antitumor activity and safety of larotinib in 3 doses (250 mg, 300 mg, or 350 mg) in patients with pre-treated advanced ESCC with EGFR overexpression or amplification (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03888092). This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.