INS and diabetes mellitus: Similar to the UK population, non-insulin treatment, a parent with diabetes, HbA1c ≤ 58 mmol/mol (7.5%) and a composite clinical probability of MODY ≥10% were useful in identifying autosomal dominant diabetes in the Turkish cohort (OR 105.1, 6.2, 10.3 and 38, respectively, all p ≤ 0.0003) (Fig. 2 and ESM Table 8).