Cardiac hypertrophy observed two months postpartum in female rats with GDM was associated with activation of calcineurin/NFAT signaling, as evidenced by the nuclear translocation of NFATc4 (Fig. 3A,C) and increased expression of calcipressin-1, a protein whose expression is often used as an indicator of NFAT activation by calcineurin (Fig. 3F). Here, NFATC4 is linked to cardiac hypertrophy.