The most common first-line personalized treatment methods available until recently in locally advanced or advanced NSCLC patients were molecularly targeted therapies for patients with EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) gene mutations, ALK (Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase) and ROS1 genes rearrangements as well as immunotherapy with anti-PD-1 (Programmed Death 1) or anti-PD-L1 (Programmed Death Ligand 1) monoclonal antibodies. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.