IGF1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: To investigate the effect of GSK3β and IGF-1 coactivation on ALS therapy, SOD1G85R iPSC-derived MNs were treated with ligands or inhibitors of candidate signaling pathways, including Wnt3a (Wnt ligand, as an indirectly GSK3β inhibitor), CHIR99021 (GSK3β inhibitor), IWP-2 (Wnt receptor antagonist, as an indirectly GSK3β activator), and IGF-1.