AQP4 and Renal insufficiency: Bumetanide, a diuretic used in renal failure and oedema, blocked NKCC1 and reduced AQP4 expression, correlating with a 33% reduction in oedema after 48 h, and when used in combination with TGN-020, caused attenuation of oedema by nearly 89% at 72 h after SCI [30,39].