Although our current study only found the antioxidant protective effect of catalpol on ARPE-19 cells, in future studies, we hope to achieve the protective effect of catalpol on RPE cells in an in vivo AMD disease model, so as to further inspire drugs targeting Nrf2 for the treatment of oxidative stress-related degenerative eye diseases. Here, NFE2L2 is linked to age-related macular degeneration.