ID2 and pulmonary fibrosis: Furthermore, in models of both pulmonary [193] and hepatic [194] fibrosis, adenoviral overexpression of BMP-7 attenuated TGFβ-induced fibrogenic activity via upregulation of inhibitor of differentiation-2 (Id2), a downstream target gene of BMP-7; however, the therapeutic effect of BMP-7 in pulmonary fibrosis is contentious as other studies refute BMP-7’s capacity to reverse or inhibit EMT, suggesting organ specificity for its protective effects [195,196].