In Alzheimer’s Disease, secreted HMGB1 impairs memory through pattern recognition receptors that engage the innate immune response; furthermore, the secreted HMGB1 can aggregate to neuritic plaques and then bind Aβ, which in turn inhibits the phagocytosis and degradation of Aβ by microglial cells [111]. Here, HMGB1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.