In patients with advanced NSCLC, the detection of increased CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) or CD8A mRNA transcription by IHC is associated with significantly prolonged PFS after treatment with PD-(L)1 inhibitor; this association was enhanced by combining PD-L1 with protein and mRNA levels, suggesting that the integration of these biomarkers may increase their predictive value [81]. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.