TNF and cancer: The anti-invasion or anti-metastatic potential of BRB in cancer is mainly ascribed to the downregulation of nuclear transcription factors: c-fos, c-jun, and NF-κB; inhibition of TNF-α-induced MMP-9 expression, suppression of MMP-1, -2, and -9 and u-PA, through MAPK and NF-αB signaling pathways; and inhibition of the RhoA signaling pathway [48,50].