Consistently, it suppresses renal activation of Toll-like receptors, 4/myeloid differentiation factor 88/NF-kappaB (TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB) signaling, the NOD-like receptor family and pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in these two animal models with kidney inflammation and/or proteinuria, indicating that nuciferine can prevent kidney inflammation in hyperuricemia by suppressing inflammatory signaling [49,52]. Here, TLR4 is linked to nephritis.