TGFB1 and Nephropathy: It also decreases the alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen type III (Col III), and osteopontin markers of kidney damage, and prevents high angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE-1) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) levels, resulting in prevention of kidney damage in 2K1C rats [53].