INS and Insulin resistance: Their results showed that the mean urine albumin/creatinine concentrations were significantly reduced in the RSV group, and urinary albumin clearance, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, homoeostasis model evaluation of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) all decreased considerably in the RSV group compared with the placebo group, while the antioxidant effect of RSV was estimated by measuring serum levels of SOD1, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT).