A recent study found that AhR activation in patients with CKD stages 3 to 5 correlates strongly with eGFR and IS levels, and the expression of AHR target genes in the blood (CYP1A1 and AhRR) was found to be increased in patients with CKD, compared with healthy controls [55,56]. This evidence concerns the gene CYP1A1 and chronic kidney disease.