In PND21 male offspring, maternal metformin reduced phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 (main effect of maternal metformin, p < 0.05), and there was an interaction effect of maternal HF diet and metformin on 4E-BP1 phosphorylation (p < 0.05, Figure 6D). Here, EIF4EBP1 is linked to hydrops fetalis.