INS and metabolic syndrome: In another trial comparing a calorie-unrestricted low-carbohydrate diet to a reduced-calorie, low-fat diet in obese individuals with metabolic syndrome, the low-carbohydrate KD diet after 3-months resulted in a significant reduction in fasting and postprandial triglycerides, increased HDL-cholesterol, decreased small LDL particles, decreased glucose and insulin, improved vascular functioning as assessed by flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery, decreased circulating saturated fatty acids, and lower concentrations of several pro-inflammatory meditators [12,64,115].