Several studies have revealed multiple miRNA’s that are upregulated or downregulated in rectal cancer if compared with normal mucosa, however, only part of them have the predictive potential for the response to NAT (Table 4) [2,12,14,105,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130]. The gene discussed is BRD2; the disease is rectal cancer.