AVP and diabetes insipidus: The first therapeutic use of mRNA was in the early 1990s: Wolff et al showed that mRNA can lead to functional protein translation in murine skeletal muscle, and a couple of years later, mRNA was used to treat Brattleboro rats suffering from diabetes insipidus, with partial success of injected mRNA encoding for the missing hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) [3,4].