Gonzalez et al. (2021) studied the effect of intranasal administration of chitosan/cyclodextrin nanoparticles loaded with IFN-ß for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, finding that the nanoformulation was more effective than systemic administration of the cytokine in a murine model of C57BL/6 mice with better availability and immunomodulatory effects [154]. Here, IFNA1 is linked to multiple sclerosis.